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Project > About > The idea behind
The educational CountryFile is an international student project which aims to provide you information on school systems and student school representations in respective countries.As the school systems are changing in the time so are also the environments for student representations. Therefore we...
Project > About > Funding Project > About > Working group Project > Contacts > Eurydice Project > Contacts > Student organizations & National institutions Project > Contacts > Organising Bureau of European School Student Unions (OBESSU) Project > Contacts > Council of Europe - Directorate of Education, Culture and Heritage, Youth and Sport (CoE DYS) Project > Contacts > United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - International Bureau of Education (IBE) Project > Contacts > educational CountryFile Project > Contacts > European Youth Foundation (EYF) Project > Contacts > European Union - Directorate-General for Education and Culture (DG EAC) Project > Disclaimer > View Project > How to use this page > View Project > Privacy policy > View Representations > Student Representations (England) Representations > Organisation's Staff (Sweden) Representations > Issues (Bulgaria) Representations > Type of Members (Slovenia) Representations > General Assembly 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(Serbia) Representations > Type of Members (France) Representations > Year of Foundation (Ireland) Representations > Other Student Unions (Bulgaria) Representations > Budget (Netherlands) Representations > Issues (Austria) Representations > General Assembly (Slovakia) Representations > Success (Slovakia) Representations > Name (Slovenia) Representations > Year of Foundation (Lithuania) Representations > Other Student Unions (Spain) Representations > Budget (Estonia) Representations > Hurdles (Netherlands) Representations > Amount of members (Italy) Representations > Students at School Level (France) Representations > Students in Municipal or Governmental Bodies (Italy) Representations > Name (Finland) Representations > Year of Foundation (Norway) Representations > Other Student Unions (England) Representations > Budget (Sweden) Representations > Hurdles (Estonia) Representations > Amount of members (Belgium) Representations > Student Representations (Slovenia) Representations > Basic Structure (Macedonia) Representations > Budget (Austria) Representations > Hurdles (Sweden) Representations > Amount of members (Serbia) Representations > Student Representations (Finland) Representations > Students in Municipal or Governmental Bodies (Belgium) Representations > Name (Switzerland) Representations > Organisation's Staff (Denmark) Representations > Amount of members (Slovakia) Representations > General Assembly (Estonia) Representations > Issues (Albania) Representations > Student Representations (Switzerland) Representations > Students in Municipal or Governmental Bodies (Slovakia) Representations > Students in Municipal or Governmental Bodies (Serbia) Representations > Name (France) Representations > Organisation's Staff (Ireland) Representations > Success (Netherlands) Representations > Type of Members (Italy) Representations > Basic Structure (Bulgaria) Representations > General Assembly (Netherlands) Representations > Hurdles (Austria) Representations > Basic Structure (Spain) Representations > Student Representations (France) Representations > Organisation's Staff (Lithuania) Representations > Issues (Finland) Representations > Students at School Level (Italy) Representations > Success (Estonia) Representations > Type of Members (Belgium) Representations > Basic Structure (England) Representations > Other Student Unions (Slovenia) Representations > Organisation's Staff (Norway) Representations > Issues (Lithuania) Representations > General Assembly (Sweden) Representations > Students at School Level (Belgium) Representations > Success (Sweden) Representations > Type of Members (Serbia) Representations > Year of Foundation (Macedonia) Representations > Other Student Unions (Finland) Representations > Budget (Denmark) Representations > Issues (Norway) Representations > General Assembly (Austria) Representations > Success (Austria) Representations > Type of Members (Slovakia) Representations > Year of Foundation (Bulgaria) Representations > Other Student Unions (Switzerland) Representations > Budget (Ireland) Representations > Hurdles (Denmark) Representations > Amount of members (Netherlands) Representations > Students at School Level (Serbia) Representations > Year of Foundation (Spain) Representations > Other Student Unions (France) Representations > Budget (Lithuania) Representations > Hurdles (Ireland) Representations > Amount of members (Estonia) Representations > Students at School Level (Slovakia) Representations > Students in Municipal or Governmental Bodies (Netherlands) Representations > Name (Italy) Representations > Amount of members (Sweden) Representations > Student Representations (Italy) Representations > Students in Municipal or Governmental Bodies (Estonia) Representations > Name (Belgium) Representations > Year of Foundation (England) Representations > Basic Structure (Slovenia) Representations > Budget (Norway) Representations > Hurdles (Lithuania) Representations > Issues (Denmark) Representations > Student Representations (Belgium) Representations > Students in Municipal or Governmental Bodies (Austria) Representations > Students in Municipal or Governmental Bodies (Sweden) Representations > Name (Serbia) Representations > Organisation's Staff (Macedonia) Representations > Success (Denmark) Representations > Type of Members (Netherlands) Representations > Basic Structure (Finland) Representations > General Assembly (Denmark) Representations > Hurdles (Norway) Representations > Basic Structure (Switzerland) Representations > Student Representations (Serbia) Representations > Organisation's Staff (Bulgaria) Representations > Issues (Italy) Representations > Amount of members (Austria) Representations > Name (Slovakia) Representations > General Assembly (Ireland) Representations > Students at School Level (Netherlands) Representations > Success (Ireland)
This project was made possible thanks to the financial support of the European Youth Foundation of the Council of Europe. This project was supported under the campaign.
This is an enhanced version of the CountryFile created in 2000 by OBESSU which was published only in the printed format. This project is online since 15th of March 2008.
Eurydice is an information network on education in Europe and an integral part of Socrates Community action program in education. It provides detailed information on school systems in Europe and more.
Contact details of student organizations and national institutions can be found in following parts of this web page: .
OBESSU is a platform for cooperation between the national school student unions active in general secondary and secondary vocational education in Europe.
CoE DYS is a directorate of the Council of Europe.
IBE acts as UNESCO's center specialized in contents, methods and structure of education.
We will welcome your comments at .
EYF is a fund established by Council of Europe to provide financial support for European youth activities.
DG EAC is a directorate-general of the European Commission of the European Union.
Information on this web site is provided as is. As it is a product of many individuals, OBESSU and/or any other mentioned student/educational organisation make no warranties or representations about the accuracy or completeness of this site. None of the mentioned organisations shall be liable for...
This website does not collect any information about its visitors. This website contains links to other websites - please read Disclaimer/Privacy Policy of every website you visit.
Section 176 of Education Act of 2002 states that students should have their voice heard. This works in conjunction with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 12. However, beyond this there is little except guidelines. Student Voice is too frequently considered synonymous with a...
25 full-time (approximately)
At this moment in Bulgaria there is no organization representing all the young people and consequently the government is trying to make a law, by means of which to create an organisation. The organisation will have to create local councils, but this might prove a hard assignment to full fill.
Any person with the status of a secondary school student is a member.
15
[missing data]
It is legally stated that every public school or private school receiving subsidies must allow the creation of a student council and provide it with a local and materials. Moreover, each of these schools count on a school board where parents, teachers, students and the city hall are represented....
[missing data]
[missing data]
English Secondary Students' Association - ESSA
ESCU has 7 members of staff.
In November,17th 2006, symbolically on the International Students’ day, after a day of mobilisation in more than 130 cities, The Minister of education signed the “Palazzo Valentini Chart”, from the name of the building of the provincial government in Rome. With this act he formalized his...
FSS: IndividualsSLL: Individuals
General Assembly is the controlling body. It elects board every year, board consists of 8 people - 6 board members, president and vice-president. President nominates people to bureau and board submit them.
300
[missing data]
The student councils are the once that send representatives to both regional and national assemblies.
Around 30
The position of student councils in schools varies widely in different region and types of schools. For instance, about 90% of the upper secondary schools have at least formal student councils, but the equivalent percent in vocational schools is only 60. In terms of student actually being heard and...
[missing data]
Student councils.
DGS: LH: 1979
According to the Law of Civil Associations in Macedonia, USM is the only registered NGO that represents the secondary students on a national level.
1 full time, 5 voluntary
[missing data]
On primary school level USO is watching pro-participatory projects. On this level, participation is seen as a useful tool to create social atmosphere at local schools. On secondary level USO is watching status quo, e.g. student representation is accepted but no great intention to increase the...
Students are practically not heard at all. The only possibility for them to make some small changes is at school level, but this also varies from school to school. At the moment UNSS is cooperating with the Ministry of youth and therefore school students are given the opportunity to have a say...
Individuals and elected officials of high-school pupilsOur organization has vocation to gather the high-school pupils and the elected officials of high-school pupils. Our statutes also make it possible to the schoolboy to become member like with the students in BTS and preparatory classes.
2002
There are many regional or municipal student organizations.
The total budget is about € 200,000
Around 30
At national/regional level students are heard only if they go on strike. At schools, it depends from the headmaster and the other teachers. Legally students' voice can only recommend. Most often if they are invited to speak, they are not heard.
Dijaška organizacija Slovenije - DOSSchool student organisation of Slovenia
1996
[missing data]
The total budget is around €100 000.
In the Netherlands, students sit on the very formal co-administrative council. This allows them to participate. However, student councils are also a part of school student participation. The promotion of student councils (perhaps through legislation) is one of the challenges for the future.
5 regional federations8000 students
[missing data]
Students are not represented in the municipal, regional and national Bodies, except at the regional and national Youth Forum and The Best representative school students’ organizations Board at the Ministry of Education. Another exception is the Provincial school students’ council that is made...
Finlands Svenska Skolungdomsförbund - FSS
1999EONs predecessor, NEO (Norwegian School Student Union) was founded in 1994 when a fraction of board members from NGS (Norsk Gymnasiastsamband) left the organization. NGS was founded in 1959. These two organizations formed EON in 1999.
[missing data]
€ 1,2 mil, by 40% national systematic governmental contribution, 30% regional and local government contribution and 20% national agency of education for development of schools.
The general situation in Estonia is quite instable. Also, young people are not always valued as whole citizens and informing school students is a difficult process.
[missing data]
Each school has a student council,composed of presidents of the classes, which elects a representative to the DOS Parliament. (There are 142 secondary schools in Slovenia.) Every person with the status of a secondary student is automatically a member of DOS.
The general assembly elects the board, which is the decision making body in the organisation. The GA consists of the representatives of Youth Clubs. This board consists of nine to eleven members, plus a president. There is also an Advisor.
€ 72,000, funded by government. Members do not have to contribute.
The biggest problem is the de-coupling between what decision makers say and what they actually do. Politicians speak about how they want to give the youth more influence over the issues. In Sweden there’s a tendency to develop separate structures for youth representation and apply one standard...
Number of students present in schools where there is a student council represented in UNSS is over 10 000.
According to Finnish law, the students in every secondary school in the country have to form a student body and have a representative organ, a student council. Furthermore, according to Finnish law, the educator is compelled to give the students the opportunity to participate in the development of...
In municipal bodies students are sometimes represented through a youth council. On a national level VSK is actively representing students.
Union der Schülerorganisationen - USOUnion of School Student Organisations
DGS:LH:
[missing data]
250
According to the Ministry of Education project-law for a harmony between students and teachers, the representation of the pupils and students in Secondary Schools and Universities is protected and provided by the law. However, there is still no School Student Union to gather student council...
Since Switzerland is a federal state, each canton has it’s own law. Furthermore each school has it’s own law. The grade of student representation is therefore depending from local authorities. Student representation is seen as a useful tool to create social atmosphere at local schools. No law...
Depends from case to case, but generally students are not represented, or are represented but without the right to vote.
Students are not in any way represented in neither municipal nor governmental bodies.
Union Nationale Lycéénne - UNLNational High-school union
0
LAKS has a very powerful and respected position during the final exams. By organising a final exam complaint line students inform the organisation about errors in the exams. Also, they report organisational problems at schools. LAKS then forwards this to the responsible institutions.In November...
Individuals, groups of students and student councils.UDS is formed by individuals, groups of students and student councils, organised in local, provincial and regional federations.
120
The problem is that students generally aren’t heard much, even though there are a lot of laws concerning student representation.
The Confederal Council is the highest decision-making body in between Confederal Assemblies. It is formed by a certain number of representatives from federations (depending on their size) and the Board. It meets several times a year.
[missing data]
None
FSS: -SLL: SLL focuses heavily on research in order to be well informed about the condition of the secondary education system.
[missing data]
ESCU made a change in the Law of Basic School and Gymnasium to the Ministry of Education that was accepted by the ministry. Also ESCU participates in different working groups of the ministry and all decisions concerning students are discussed. Hearing students’ opinion unfortunately also depends...
School councils
The ‘head’ of ESSA is a National Council of elected students from the 9 government regions. The Council meets four times a year and makes decisions about ESSA policy, as well as representing ESSA at conferences, representing ESSA within the media and promoting ESSA’s cause. The Council is...
There are also other student organizations, but DOS is the only nationwide student union. Some of the biggest regional organizations are the Student Union of Ljublana and School student union of Maribor.
Board (16 people) is working full-time in office in Oslo. President and Secretary General are the only ones paid for their work.
[missing data]
Around 300Approximately 150 student councils.
[missing data]
Our focus is largely on local level.Historically SECO was largely responsible for the removal of the Christianity subject in the seventies, the introduction of sex education in the sixties and the inclusion of students in the working environmental laws in the eighties.
Student councils and individual students.
1991
Suomen Ylioppilaskuntien Liitto (SYL; The National Union of University Students in Finland) - an interest organisation defending and improving the educational, financial, and social benefits and rights of the students
DGS:
[missing data]
Around 100
Usually, students are listened to but their opinion isn’t valued much.
School students who are representatives of schools (councils).
2001
No others
[missing data]
EEO: We have problems with our student being at the school for such a short period. Most are on the school for 20 to 40 weeks, which means that they don’t have much time to get into student decision-making, before they go out to get practical experience.
80
The involvement of school students in the development of their educational centers is very much up to every school to define. While some schools have important structures for students’ participation, others do not even have an active student council. This creates very important disparities among...
1987
FIDL - the second high-school organization behind the UNL, defends of the ideas appreciably similar to UNLSUD Lycéens - High-school union of extreme left
€ 15,000, by government and other grant institutions. Members do not have to contribute.
In Ireland lack of funding for student unions is the biggest problem for school student representation.
182
Students in general are not included. It depends on the respective schools and its headmasters. Occasionally students are invited to comment on some issues on regional level, but are hardly heard.
School students are not regularly involved on a municipal level. Youth councils are sometimes present. In the Netherlands, municipalities have very little influence on education. On a national level LAKS speaks regularly with civil servants and politicians to discuss student issues. The...
Unione Degli Studenti - UDSItalian School Students’ Union
300 student councils and 42 000 individual students that have signed up as supportive members.
It is legally stated that every public school or private school receiving subsidies must allow the creation of a student council with two representatives from each class, three or four representatives at the School Board and two representative at the Provincial school students’ Council. Moreover,...
There are students included in working groups of the Ministry of Education. When the government wants to make a decision concerning students ESCU is often involved in through working groups or other means.Slowly we are moving to students’ representation at municipal bodies through youth city...
Vlaamse Scholierenkoepel vzw - VSK
2005
€1 mil of administrative grant form the Ministry of Education, project funding and organisational grants from the National Youth Council. Membership fees for schools are calculated with €1 per school-student enrolled.
Public organizations, students’ councils.
[missing data]
Flemish law recognised VSK officially in 2000 as an independent organ with its own finances. There is internal participation; students govern the organisation. No adults may have voting rights. In 2004 the participation decree became law. This made it compulsory for every school to have a student...
They can attend meetings on the federal land level.
40 secondary schools in Sweden have local boards made up by a majority of students. But apart from that there’s no student representation in the official municipal bodies.On national level we are often asked to participate in the committees that investigate different issues. All governmental...
Unija srednjoškolaca Srbije - UNSSUnion of secondary school students of Serbia
None
It always depends on school - in some schools students are listened to seriously, in other not so much. On the national level the influence of student organisation is not so great, but always making small steps forward.EEO has experience when students took over and manage to do the change. At one...
Student councils
DGS: LH:
Technically, nothing prevents school-student representation. The biggest challenge in this area, is making the school students wants to get involved.
The representatives of the Swiss cantons' school student organisations forms the General Assembly. The member organisations themselves have individual concepts of representations.
In the law it is stated only that it is a recommendation for secondary schools to have a student council. This doesn’t oblige schools to have a student council meaning that the principle is authorized not to allow students to form a student council. If there is an existing student council still...
4 members of staff.
• Competition between organisations – there are so many youth organisations that have the same aims but they don’t want to co-operate.
Over 1000 school students participate in AKS every year. Membership is voluntary and there is no membership fee.
Stredoškolská študentská únia Slovenska - ŠuskaSecondary school student's union of Slovakia
50
On a school level students are heard through student councils, alternative forms of participation and the formalised co-administrative council.
[missing data]